a. \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

b. \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2.4}{24}=0.1mol\)

\(mct_{HCl}=\dfrac{500\times36.5}{100}=182.5g\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{182.5}{36.5}=5mol\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{0.1}{1}< \dfrac{5}{2}\Rightarrow\) HCl dư

nHCl phản ứng = 0.2 mol => nHCl dư = 5 - 0.2 = 4.8 mol

mHCl dư = \(4.8\times36.5=175.2g\)

c. \(V_{H_2}=0.1\times22.4=2.24l\)

 d. mdd sau phản ứng = \(2.4+500-0.1\times2=502.2g\)

\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0.1\times95\times100}{502.2}=1.89\%\)

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{182.5\cdot10}{100\cdot36.5}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)

\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

\(0.2......0.4..........0.2........0.2\)

\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.5-0.4=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.1\cdot36.5=3.65\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=0.2\cdot22.4=4.48\left(l\right)\)

\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=13+182.5-0.2\cdot2=195.1\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3.65}{195.1}\cdot100\%=1.87\%\)

\(C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot136}{195.1}\cdot100\%=13.94\%\)

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{22,05.20}{100}=4,41\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{4,41}{98}=0,045\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\) 
\(LTL:\dfrac{0,03}{1}< \dfrac{0,045}{1}\) 
=> H₂SO₄ dư 
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4\left(d\right)}=\left(0,045-0,03\right).98=1,47\left(g\right)\\ m_{\text{dd}}=1,95+22,05-\left(0,03.2\right)=23,94\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,03.136}{23,94}.100\%=17\%\)

\(a,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{22,05}{98}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)

bđ       0,03   0,225

pư       0,03    0,03 

spư     0         0,195       0,03        0,03

\(b,m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,195.98=19,11\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{dd}=1,95+22,05-0,03.2=23,94\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,03.161}{23,94}.100\%=20,18\%\)

Câu 1:

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ ===> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

a)Vì Cu không phản ứng với H₂SO₄ loãng nên 6,72 lít khí là sản phẩm của Al tác dụng với H₂SO₄

=> n_H2 = 6,72 / 22,4 = 0,2 (mol)

=> n_Al = 0,2 (mol)

=> m_Al = 0,2 x 27 = 5,4 gam

=> m_Cu = 10 - 5,4 = 4,6 gam

b) n_H2SO4 = n_H2 = 0,3 mol

=> m_H2SO4 = 0,3 x 98 = 29,4 gam

=> Khối lượng dung dịch H₂SO₄ 20% cần dùng là:

m_{dung dịch H2SO4 20%} = \(\frac{29,4.100}{20}=147\left(gam\right)\)

n_{H2 = 6.72 : 22.4 = 0.3 mol}

Cu không tác dụng với H₂SO₄

2Al + 3H₂SO₄ -> Al₂(SO4)₃ + 3H₂

0.2 <- 0.3 <- 0.1 <- 0.3 ( mol )

m_Al = 0.2 x 56 = 5.4 (g)

m_Cu = 10 - 5.4 = 4.6 (g )

m_H2SO4 = 0.3 x 98 = 29.4 ( g)

m_{H2SO4 20%} = ( 29.4 x100 ) : 20 = 147 (g)

3, \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{16,2}{27}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

2Al + 3CuSO₄ \(\rightarrow\) Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3Cu

de: 0,6 \(\rightarrow\) 0,9 \(\rightarrow\) 0,9

\(m_{CuSO_4}=0,9.160=144g\)

a, \(m_{ddCuSO_4}=\dfrac{144.100}{25}=576g\)

b, \(m_{Cu}=0,9.64=57,6g\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{HCl}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ b,m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5.100}{20}=73\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{H_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=11,2+73-0,2.2=83,8\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddFeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{83,8}.100\approx30,31\%\)

n H2SO4=\(\dfrac{10\%.490}{2+32+16.4}=0,5mol\)

n Al2O3 =\(\dfrac{10,2}{27.2+16.3}=0,1mol\)

       \(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

bđ    0,1............0,5

pư    0,1............0,3..................0,1

spu   0 ................0,2................0,1 

=> sau pư gồm H2SO4 dư , Al2(S04)3 và H2O

m H2SO4 dư = \(0,2.\left(2+32+16.3\right)=19,6g\)

m Al2(SO4)3 = \(0,1\left(27.2+32.3+16.4.3\right)=34,2g\)

m dd = \(490+10,2=500,2g\)

% Al2(SO4)3 = \(\dfrac{34,2}{500,2}.100\sim6,84\%\)

% H2SO4 dư = \(\dfrac{19,6}{500,2}.100\sim3,92\%\)